SUSTAINABILITY SIMULATOR
The sustainability simulator comprises a simple tool for testing the effect of modifying the relative weights of the three sustainability pillars at the higher level on the total sustainability score of three different dairy cattle farming systems in three different European countries (France, Ireland, and Germany). In the text that follows, valuable information on the systems whose sustainability is estimated using the DEXi method is provided.
Table 1 presents some general characteristics of these farming systems that define their profile.
Table 1. Profiles of the different dairy cattle farming systems examined
|
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
UAA (ha) |
103.5 |
230 |
87 |
Dairy herd size (cows) |
75 |
110 |
185 |
Stocking density (LU/ha) |
1.26 |
0.55 |
2.70 |
Total milk production (L) |
717511 |
784000 |
991996 |
Milk yield per cow (L/cow) |
9567 |
7127 |
5362 |
Length of grazing season (days) |
168 |
214 |
304 |
Profile |
Crop and high productivity |
Organic |
High grazing |
Furthermore, based on the collected data from these farming systems, several environmental impacts and energy indicators were estimated (Table 2).
Table 2. Environmental impact and energy category indicators are estimated for the three dairy cattle farming systems.
|
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
Climate change
(kg CO2 eq/kg FPCM) |
1.35 |
1.46 |
1.14 |
Eutrophication
(kg PO43-eq/kg FPCM) |
0.0059 |
0.0048 |
0.0034 |
Acidification
(kg SO2eq/kg FPCM) |
0.0126 |
0.0088 |
0.0084 |
Total energy use
(MJ/kg FPCM) |
3.84 |
2.40 |
1.87 |
Land occupation
(m²/yr) |
2.09 |
2.79 |
1.19 |
Heavy metal balance
(mg/kg FPCM) |
0.0059 |
-0.0032 |
0.0032 |
The environmental sustainability as evaluated based on DEXi method is presented in Table 3.
Table 3. Results of environmental sustainability attributes for the three dairy cattle farming systems
Attributes |
Indicator scale |
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
Best dairy herd management practices |
/4 |
2/4 |
2/4 |
2/4 |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
Feed efficiency |
/3 |
1/3 |
1/3 |
1/3 |
Medium to low |
Medium to low |
Medium to low |
Circular feed supply |
/3 |
2/3 |
2/3 |
2/3 |
Medium to high |
Medium to high |
Medium to high |
Unproductive cattle |
/3 |
2/3 |
1/3 |
2/3 |
Medium to low |
Medium to high |
Medium to low |
Environmental quality |
/4 |
2/4 |
2/4 |
3/4 |
Medium |
Medium |
High |
Water quality |
/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to low |
Low |
High |
Climate change |
/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
High |
High |
High |
Air quality |
/4 |
2/4 |
3/4 |
4/4 |
Medium |
High |
Very high |
Soil quality |
/3 |
2/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to High |
High |
High |
Abiotic resources conservation |
/4 |
2/4 |
3/4 |
2/4 |
Medium |
High |
Medium |
Reducing water use |
/3 |
2/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to high |
High |
High |
Reducing energy use |
/3 |
1/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
Medium to low |
Medium to low |
Low |
Biodiversity conservation |
/4 |
1/4 |
2/4 |
2/4 |
Low |
Medium |
Medium |
Animal breeds and crop biodiversity |
/3 |
2/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
Medium to high |
Medium to low |
Low |
Reducing pesticide use |
/3 |
1/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to low |
High |
High |
Agroecosystem Biodiversity |
/3 |
0/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
Low |
Medium to low |
Low |
The aggregated score of the environmental sustainability pillar for the three dairy cattle farming systems is given in Table 4.
Table 4. Environmental sustainability performance of the three dairy cattle farming systems after aggregating the scores of the environmental attributes.
|
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
Environmental branch |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
Table 5 presents the economic sustainability as evaluated based on the DEXi method.
Table 5. Results of economic sustainability attributes for the three dairy cattle farming systems
Attributes |
Indicator scale |
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
Profitability |
/4 |
2/4 |
2/4 |
1/4 |
Medium |
Medium |
Low |
Economic return |
/3 |
2/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
Medium to high |
Medium to low |
Low |
Profit |
/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to low |
Low |
High |
Farm income |
/3 |
0/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
Low |
Medium to low |
Low |
Dairy product sales |
/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
1/3 |
High |
High |
Medium to low |
. . Resilience |
/4 |
3/4 |
3/4 |
3/4 |
High |
High |
High |
Dependence on the market rather than subsidies |
/3 |
2/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to high |
High |
High |
Pressure of debts |
/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to high |
High |
Low |
Degree of specialization in dairy produciton |
/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
1/3 |
High |
High |
Medium to low |
Efficiency |
/4 |
3/4 |
3/4 |
2/4 |
High |
High |
Medium |
Cost efficiency |
/3 |
2/3 |
3/3 |
2/3 |
Medium to high |
High |
Medium to high |
Labour efficiency |
/3 |
2/3 |
1/3 |
1/3 |
Medium to high |
Medium to low |
Medium to low |
Partial productivity |
/3 |
3/3 |
3/3 |
1/3 |
High |
High |
Medium to low |
The aggregated score of the economic sustainability pillar for the three dairy cattle farming systems is given in Table 6.
Table 6. Economic sustainability performance of the three dairy cattle farming systems after aggregating the scores of the economic attributes.
|
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
Economic branch |
Medium to high |
Medium to high |
Medium |
Table 7 presents the social sustainability of the three dairy cattle farming systems as evaluated based on the DEXi method.
Table 7. Results of social sustainability attributes for the three dairy cattle farming systems
Attributes |
Indicator scale |
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
Sustainability of farm work |
/3 |
1/3 |
2/3 |
3/3 |
Medium to low |
Medium to high |
High |
Physiological and security needs (farm work) |
/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
Medium |
Medium |
High |
Social needs (farm work) |
/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
Medium |
Medium |
High |
Esteem and self actualisation needs (farm work) |
/2 |
0/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
Low |
Medium |
Medium |
Sustainability of Social Life |
/3 |
2/3 |
2/3 |
2/3 |
Medium to high |
Medium to high |
Medium to high |
Physiological and security needs (social life) |
/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
Social needs (social life) |
/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
Esteem and self actualisation needs (social life) |
/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
The aggregated score of the social sustainability pillar for the three dairy cattle farming systems is given in Table 8.
Table 8. Social sustainability performance of the three dairy cattle farming systems after aggregating the scores of the social attributes.
|
DPS1 |
DPS2 |
DPS3 |
Social branch |
Medium |
Medium to high |
High |
USE OF THE SUSTAINABILITY SIMULATOR
In order to use the sustainability simulator, please use the following link.
Helpful information: Please be sure that the sum of the weight percentages for each sustainability pillar is equal to 100 and then press submit in order to see, the relevant to your choices, results.
http://calculator.milkey-project.eu/